Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This period had been a form of generation that was more enlightened compared to the former era. In the event to counteract the issue, there arose a very powerful regime that resulted into a more of enlightened governance. Japan through Western Eyes A collection of diaries, journals and letters of Western visitors and residents in Japan. This was also adopted for police and postal uniforms. Meat-eating (sukiyaki, beef hot pot) In the Edo period (1603-1868), Japanese people were not in the habit of eating meat, but beef hot pot became popular. How did the Meiji Restoration change Japan? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Second, outside pressure from foreigners convinced the Japanese that they needed to modernize quickly. They were able to create a centralized and bureaucratic government that created the Meiji Constitution in 1889. Scientific Revolution Lesson Plans & Resources, Revolutions in Latin America Lesson Plans, Oliver Cromwell, Hero or Villain? Due to the fact that Western nations were involved in Imperialism prior to and during the same time as the Meiji period, the wealth and power the European nations gained stood out to the Japanese. Economic Effects of Meiji Restoration. The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate and compare the dentin-pulp complex response following occlusal and cervical restorations in rat molars restored with nano-hydroxyapatite silica glass ionomer cement (nano-HA-SiO2-GIC) and conventional glass ionomer cement (c-GIC). During early industrialisation, women were worked in factories under poor conditions. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. The Meiji Restoration was a coup dtat that resulted in the dissolution of Japans feudal system of government and the restoration of the imperial system. This therefore meant that the Japanese had the most powerful transformation which occurred within a single generation. The forms of productions were iron smelting, shipyards and spinning meals that were sold to connected consumers of the products. During the Meiji Period, which ended with the emperor's death in 1912, the country experienced significant social, political and economic change-including the abolition of the feudal system and. They wanted to wipe out the color ofBuddhism from Shinto shrines by prohibiting the practice of Shinto-Buddhist syncretism and making Shinto shrines places that connected the emperor and the people. Therefore, it resolved to first settle on financial matters. Others mistakenly thought they could deliver parcels to distant places by telegraph and therefore hung parcels on the tower. Those men were motivated by growing domestic problems and by the threat of foreign encroachment. The Meiji Restoration turned the mostly agricultural Japanese feudalistic economy to a laissez-faire capitalist and industrialist society, which copied and ultimately matched many countries in the West. These were all possible thanks to the nation's modernized military and industrialization systems as Japan adapted from Western nations as it aimed to become a world power. The major challenges that affected the Meijis rule were born by the negative effects of the Shogunate. Meiji continued with reforms, cutting the samurai off from their exalted status by conscripting every male in Japan to the military for four years at age 21 in 1873. The new emperor eliminated the government and reestablished the imperial throne, but the emperor did not have any political power and was seen as a political symbol. What are social effects of the meiji restoration? The national army was created in 1871, and universal conscription meant that every Japanese man needed to serve in the military. In addition, the country had gained a higher level of literacy at the time the Meijis era was about to begin. The nation was closed off to foreigners. This strong nature led to the rule and discrimination of traditional monarchies that surrendered at the end. Schooling combined Western ideas with Japanese culture. This aspect was going to be very crucial but the leaders were dedicated to bring change in Japan. The new governance was formed after the abolition of feudalism. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Secondly, there were countries that were grouped for trading. To add to these, there was education for both boys and girls in the society. It was led by young samurai who saw the need for change. Following world war two, the emperors in Japan resolved to form a new rule that was democratic in stature. What followed was a procession of abrupt changes and internal battles that quickly changed the formerly isolated and peaceful Japan into an emerging power in Asia. Decent Essays. For the prime minister, the proud story of the. The Gregorian calendar (solar calendar) was adopted and implemented from January 1, 1873. At the same time, universal education was introduced to Japan. She has a bachelor's degree in History, and a master's degree in International Relations. What were the causes and effects of the Meiji Restoration? Unlike a tax at a defined rate per year, land reform creates the possibility of losing all one's land and the improvements in one go, i.e. The era resulted into the introduction of boarder line trading. It was the first time an Asian nation had beaten a Western power, and everybody took note. World History 1600-1900: Lesson Plans & Resources, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. Responding to those pressures, the government issued a statement in 1881 promising a constitution by 1890. It explained for the success of the Meiji Modernization. The development of industries during the Togukawa period resulted into the subsequent growth of many industries during the Meiji era. In addition, the military adopted more westernized weapons and guarding tactics. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. What were the causes of the Japanese industrial revolution? Therefore, between 1894 and 1895, Japan was in a great position to defend itself against any external attacks by any external military forces. Disgruntled samurai participated in several rebellions against the government, the most famous being led by the former restoration hero Saig Takamori of Satsuma. These beliefs catapulted the Meiji regime into a more organized and democratic governance. The Meijis rule or era had a lot of trade relations with the international countries. ChristianityIn 1873, the government removed the ban on Christianity. This inequality left Japan with a big chip on its shoulder. Creation of a well-developed communication system. As the Japanese modernized and formed a national identity, the ideas of Bunmei Kaika (civilization and enlightenment) and Fukoku Kohei (enrich the country and protect the military) combined with the newly created Meiji Constitution to shape Japan into a strong, militaristic country. Initially, Japan was also biased in choosing the country to trade with. The emperor was mostly involved in governance issues such as administration and organization of the cabinet. We'll look closely at the causes, the major accomplishments, and the effects of the Meiji Restoration. There were many causes for the Meiji Restoration, including rice inflation (samurai paid in rice), a decaying bureaucracy, increasing interactions with foreign technology. But before Japan was a powerful Nation, it needed to modernize. It gave the government further motivation to become an imperial power in Asia, ultimately setting the gears in motion for Japan's actions in World War II. The Meiji Restoration , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. The latter concern had its origins in the efforts by Western powers to open Japan, beginning in the 1850s after more than two centuries of near isolation, and the fear that Japan could be subjected to the same imperialist pressures that they observed happening in nearby China. Answer (1 of 2): 1. Japan increased the number of steamships from 26 in 1873 to 1,514 in 1913 and 18 miles of train track in 1872 to over 7,000 in 1914. This system had also reduced many of its samurai warlords to glorified office clerks, forced to reside in Tokyo with the feudal lords they served. [Obtain historical data] Grades 7-12: Assess the impact of Western ideas and the role of The Meiji Restoration was a coup dtat that resulted in the dissolution of Japans feudal system of government and the restoration of the imperial system. This included education and learning which resulted into a stronger generation in the time of the Meijis era. These industrial towns created a need for lodging areas, food reserves and goods that could provide travelers or tourists with accommodation services. Furthermore, many feudal lords or daimyo disagreed with the absolute rule of the bakufu or shogunate, and his retainers, as the bakufu continued to isolate Japan while adhering to a feudal caste system of merchants, peasants, samurai, daimyo, shogun, and emporer, ranked respectively from lowest to highest. Economic Effects of Meiji Restoration. The idea of nationalism and the nation-state was growing. This reign opened a new era for Japan as a country in its social, political and economic aspects. For modernization to be effective, the government thought it was necessary to raise the peoples level of education. Moreover, new government did not allow the Samurai males to carry along with them weapons that would act as a form of identification for them. Conscription system (draft system) The government also called this the blood tax.. Looking for a flexible role? The Meiji period lasted until 1912 and catapulted Japan into the modern era. In 1852, President Millard Fillmore sent Matthew C. Perry to negotiate with the Japanese about opening ports to American trade. But in 1867, the 15th Tokugawa shogun resigned, and by 1868, the Meiji Restoration had begun. In a wider context, however, the Meiji Restoration of 1868 came to be identified with the subsequent era of major political, economic, and social changethe Meiji period (18681912)that brought about the modernization and Westernization of the country. They were constantly exploited and denied any freedom. They comprised part of the military, teaching staff, makers of guns and government officials. Japan was accepted by the Western powers as an equal. Japans first Ministry of Education was established in 1871 to develop a national system of education; it led to the promulgation of the Gakusei, or Education System Order, in 1872 and to the introduction of universal education in the country, which initially put emphasis on Western learning. The government played a huge role in social change by creating new laws and a constitution. Finally, industrialization became a major focus after seeing Commodore Perry's powerful ships and weapons. 160 -61Google Scholar, 'It has long been recognized that the Meiji Restoration was influenced and motivated by foreign relations beginning with the Opening of Japan. This involved the people and the physical objects. The brief Boshin War, from 1868-1869, pitted shogunate-supporting samurai against a smaller group of breakaway provinces that were armed with rifles and other weapons. Their main slogan during the regime was Strengthen the military as a result of enriching the power. Japan expanded into the Ryukyu Islands and invaded Taiwan in the 1870s, which a very weak China did not repel. From then on Shinto faiths and traditions took on Buddhist elements, and later, Confucian ones . Order to abolish swords A law prohibiting the former samurai class from carrying swords was enforced. It is often described as the time when Japan took 'its first step to the modernization through reformation of the fundamental systems of the nation based on interactions with other countries'. -Reforms in other fields were far reaching: education was made compulsory, all restrictions were lifted on Japanese going abroad, Christianity was permitted, vaccinations, postal service, telegraphs, and steamships were introduced, torture was abolished, European dress was prescribed for officials (with the Emperor Social changes during the Meiji Restoration are expressed through a special and generic term in Japan: Bunmei Kaika. Its literal translation is blooming of civilization but it was actually coined by Fukuzawa Yukichi as the translation of the English word civilization.. A military dictator, or shogun, ruled over everyone. Moreover, some members who were supporters of daimyo were accepted in the new government and were reappointed as leaders. Furthermore, their genuine interest in progress economically also boosted the country in terms of economic development. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. There were many causes for the Meiji Restoration, including rice inflation (samurai paid in rice), a decaying bureaucracy, increasing interactions with foreign technology. Also, national holidays were created, such as "National Foundation Day," which celebrated the foundation of Japan as well as the idea of all Japanese people as a member of the Japanese nation-state. This effort alternatively was reflected in the economy of the country. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. In 1875, an ordinance was promulgated, requiring all people to use surnames. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! This led to the Boshin War. The new government was very tactical. The factors that show that the Meiji era was a transformation to a new era points out the issue of constitutional promulgation, a highly developed communication and transport system, a well established industrial system that employed modern technology with a refurbished military system and lastly an established democratic government. It occurred during a three-year period from 1866 to 1869 that traversed the end of the Edo period (often called Late Tokugawa shogunate) and beginning of the Meiji Era. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Why is Japan called the Land of the Rising Sun? The population in the city of Tokyo was distributed evenly. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Japan was able to walk a fine line between Western ideas and influences and traditional Japanese ideas to create a unique Japanese national identity. They employed a sense of honor in their duties hence accomplished their work with diligence. This resulted in the Japanese shogunate tightening rules for interaction with foreign shipping. Wholesale land reform has costs and inequities that make righting South Africa's central injustice through such a process inappropriate. - Facts & Timeline, The English Civil War and the Rise of Cromwell's Theocracy, The Glorious Revolution of 1688: Events and Significance, Glorious Revolution Lesson Plan for Elementary School, What Is the English Bill Of Rights? One of the these was the virtually bloodless end of the aristocratic warrior class known as the samurai. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. Disgruntled samurai participated in several rebellions against the government, the most famous being led by the former restoration hero Saig Takamori of Satsuma. Over 100 years after the Meiji Era, the first McDonalds restaurant, first Starbucks store, and first Apple retail store in Japan were all in Ginza. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominally to the emperor and the kuge.In the term, dai () means 'large', and my stands for myden ( . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Zangiri-atama is a hairstyle in which the chonmage (topknot) is cut off and kept short. First, the army became more refurbished (Tipton 400). Being a very clever lot, they embraced the issue of trade with other countries hence, they greatly improved. That was followed, after the end of the fighting, by the dismantling of the old feudal regime. Postal system The postal system was started in 1871, running between Tokyo and Osaka. This rule was termed as the enlightened rule because it was to transform Japan from its nave nature to a more modernized society. Among those were: The Meiji period that followed the Restoration was an era of major political, economic, and social change in Japan. What were three effects of the Meiji Restoration? This group was highly equipped in terms of security. The most affected government sectors were the social, political, economic oriented institutions. There was no military in Japan during the Edo Period. Adopting the slogan Enrich the country, strengthen the army (Fukoku kyhei), they sought to create a nation-state capable of standing equal among Western powers. 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Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The new leaders in Japan resorted to reform the work system of the major territories by daimyo (Shimposha 289). However, the Meiji government believed that having a strong military was essential to be a nation like the U.S. or European countries. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. He graduated with a Masters in English from Mississippi College and has a JLPT N1 pass. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. The kind of education the Japanese acquired enabled them to manufacture powerful weapons that were used for the territory security. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. laws and a constitution. Meijis era had a nonfunctional parliament at its inception. Though the emperor was considered the highest position in feudal Japan, the shogun and their military establishment kept him from wielding any real power. The leaders of the restoration were mostly young samurai from feudal domains (hans) historically hostile to Tokugawa authority, notably Chsh, in far western Honshu, and Satsuma, in southern Kyushu. A recognition that Japan needed western technology to prevent itself from being colonized. Japan's Meiji Restoration of 1868 had many effects on Japan and the world from 1840 to 1920. Japanese Imperialism: Territorial Acquisitions & Wars, The Westernization of Japan During the Meiji Era. Effects of this event include the immense growth of the Japanese and expansion of the railroads during the period of 1840 to 1920. An order was issued to cut off samurai-style hair. The reason why Meiji reformers wanted to modernize Japan was because they wanted to become equivalent to the Western countries instead of being considered inferior and barbaric. Parallel to this was the Land Tax Reform, or chisokaisei, which removed the feudal regions owned by the regional lords and placed them back in the hands of the people. China had a more reluctant response which led to their defeat. Japan first started out as an isolated nation, but soon it would become one of the most powerful countries during WWII. Japan's success in modernization has created great interest in why and how it was able to adopt Western political, social, and economic institutions in so short a time. It is at this time that Japan was controlled by the Samurai and daimyo who had received power transition from Tokugawa era. This involved the formation of a completely new government that had new rules and regulations. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. The most affected government sectors were the social, political, economic oriented institutions. Consequently, catching up with the newest forms of technology according to that era would have been a great challenge incase a former leader retained the office. READ: What happens if the law is impossible to follow? The enacting of a constitution and formalization of a parliamentary system of government. Under the emperor as a symbol of ancient Japanese authority, the people came together, and they began to think of Japan as a great and powerful nation that would be the most powerful country in Asia. Allowing people to move between strict financial groups. These businesses provided a lot of income that was used in purchasing most intensives used for development. There were three main causes of the Meiji Restoration: First, internal problems in Japan made ruling the country too difficult. Gakusei, the First National Plan for Education, formalized the future of education in Japan and focused on modeling Japanese education after Western . confiscation. Omissions? The government played a huge role in social change by creating new. After this, the Japanese quickly sent "observers" to the West to understand its culture while copying much of the technology they had missed over the previous centuries: the steamboat, the railroad, guns, and artillery. The reforms enacted during the Meiji emperors rule brought about the modernization and Westernization of the country and paved the way for Japan to become a major international power. In addition, most small towns developed in bigger urban areas. The Meiji era was the first half of the Empire of Japan, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonization by Western powers to the new paradigm of a modern, industrialized nation state . During the Edo Period, mixed bathing in public baths was common. In addition, Japan made revisions of treaties within the Asian boarders hence having a more strengthened bond. Grades 5-12: Analyze the internal and external causes of the Meiji Restoration. First, the capital was moved from Kyoto to Edo, which became known as Tokyo. Read about the Meiji Restoration and its effects. Finally, in 1889, the Meiji Constitution was officially promulgated. Japan's goal of achieving fukoku kyohei, "rich country; strong military", fuelled major political, economic and social changes during the Meiji Restoration. Japan was so powerful that it ended up being transformed from a mere island nation to an imperial power by its own right and might. Today the government of Shinzo Abe is making much of the anniversary. The Meiji period that followed the Restoration was an era of major political, economic, and social change in Japan. This focus encouraged Japan to build a modern nation-state that could stand toe-to-toe with the Western powers. This led to production and manufacturing of more sophisticated goods that fitted in the modern revolution. Thus, the Meiji Restoration was a combination of Western ideals reconstituted with traditional Japanese mores. The Shogunate Before From 1603 to 1868 Japan was a feudal society with a hierarchy of lords, samurai, and peasants. Largely the handiwork of thegenro(elder statesman)It Hirobumi, the constitution established a bicameral parliament, called the Dietin full Imperial Diet (Teikoku Gikai)that was to be elected through a limited voting franchise. Updates? Establishment of a rapidly growing industrial sector based on the latest technology. Also, Japan was preparing itself for future incapacities that could arise due to lack of better preparation. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The war ended in the northern island of Hokkaido after the remaining forces of the shogunate tried to create a breakaway empire and were quashed. Japans fame could also be compared to how both China and Japan responded to external invasions. Western technology was impressive, and the Japanese were eager to copy and match what they had seen in Western cities. The emperor was reinstated as sovereign, and he took the name Meiji. Document #6: Overall Effects Based on the quotes and your new knowledge, what were the overall effects of the Meiji Restoration on Japan? This was seen in different sectors of the government. All feudal class privileges were abolished as well.
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